Prostate Disorders (BPH & Prostate Cancer)

Prostate Disorders (BPH & Prostate Cancer)

Treatment of both benign and malignant prostate conditions using Laser TURP, HoLEP, and Robotic Prostatectomy to ensure optimal outcomes with minimal complications.

The prostate, a small gland in men located below the bladder, plays a vital role in reproductive health by producing seminal fluid. However, as men age, this gland can become the source of significant health concerns, primarily through two conditions: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and Prostate Cancer. Understanding these disorders is crucial for early detection and effective management.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Overview and Symptoms
BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that commonly affects men over 50, with prevalence increasing with age. As the prostate grows, it can press against the urethra, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms such as frequent urination (especially at night), difficulty starting or stopping urination, a weak urine stream, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. While not life-threatening, BPH can significantly impact quality of life.
Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of BPH remains unclear, but age-related hormonal changes, particularly involving testosterone and estrogen, are believed to play a role. Risk factors include advancing age, a family history of BPH, and lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of physical activity.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves a Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) to assess prostate size, a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) blood test to rule out cancer, and tests like uroflowmetry to measure urine flow. Treatment varies by symptom severity: mild cases may require only monitoring, while moderate to severe cases might need medications like alpha-blockers (e.g., tamsulosin) to relax prostate muscles or 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride) to shrink the gland. For persistent cases, minimally invasive procedures or surgery, such as Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP), may be necessary.

Prostate Cancer
Overview and Symptoms

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, with a lifetime risk of about 1 in 8. It ranges from slow-growing tumors that may never cause harm to aggressive forms that metastasize. Early-stage prostate cancer often presents no symptoms, but as it progresses, men may experience difficulty urinating, blood in urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, or pain in the hips or back if the cancer spreads.

Risk Factors and Diagnosis
Key risk factors include age (most cases occur after 50), family history, and race, with African American men at higher risk. Diagnosis often begins with a PSA test and DRE, followed by a biopsy if abnormalities are detected. Imaging like MRI or bone scans helps determine if the cancer has spread.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cancer’s stage and the patient’s health. Options include active surveillance for low-risk cases, surgery (radical prostatectomy), radiation therapy, hormone therapy to reduce testosterone, and chemotherapy for advanced cases. Emerging treatments like immunotherapy are also being explored.
Prevention and Awareness

While not entirely preventable, a healthy diet rich in vegetables, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce risk. Regular screenings, especially for men over 50 or those with risk factors, are critical for early detection. By staying informed and proactive, men can effectively manage these prostate disorders and maintain their well-being.
Dr. Ritesh Mongha is a Prostate Disorders (BPH & Prostate Cancer) Specialist – Book Appointment Today